Stromatolites of the Lesser Himalayan Carbonate Formations and the Vindhyans
Authors
-
Department of Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow
K. S. Valdiya
Abstract
A number of carbonate formations of the Lesser Himalaya and the Vindhyachal have been found to display widespread and prolific development of stromatolites. These are confined to definite stratigraphic horizons and exhibit no influence of facies changes. Time-controlled changes are clearly expressed in their morphology and the 'regular sequence of different forms over extensive areas suggests their evolutionary variation.The Fawn Limestone of the Semri Series of Southern Mirzapur exhibits bioherms of Conophyton cylindricus and Collenia columnaris with C. kusiensis, characteristic forms of the Lower Riphean formations (older than 1260 m.y.) of U. S. S. R. The Bhander Limestone of the Upper Vindhyan, the Gangolihat Dolomites of the Calc Zone of Pithoragarh, the Lower Deoban Limestone of Dehra Dun District, the Lower Shali Limestone of Mahasu District and the Tundapatthar Limestone of Ambala District are characterized by Collenia baicalica, with C. cotumnaris, C. symmetrica and C. buriatica. These forms constitute typical Middle Riphean (1260 to 1000 m.y.) stromatolite-complex of U. S. S. R. The Thalkedar Limestones of Pithoragarh, the Upper Deobans and the Upper Shali Limestone contain what look like Jurusania of the Upper Riphean formations of the southern Urals in U. S. S. R. Kakarhatti and Naldera stromatolites seem to be of a still younger age.
Downloads
Issue
Section
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
References
AUDEN, J. B., (1933) Vindhyan sedimentation in the Sone valley, Mirzapur District, India. Memoir Glol. Surv. Ind., Vol. 62, pp. 141-250.
BLACK, M., (1933) The algal sediments of the Andros Island, Bahamas. Philo. Trans. Royal Soc. London, Vol. 222, Ser. B, pp. 165-195.
CAHEN, L., JAMOTTE, A., LEPERSONNE, J. and MORTELMANS, G., (1946) Apercu sur Ia question des algues des serie calcaires anciennes du Congo beIge, et essai de correlation. Bull. Soc. Belg. Geol., Vol. 55, pp. 154-192.
CLOUD, P. E., (1942) Notes on stromatolites. Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. 240, pp. 363-379.
DONALDSON, J. A., (1963) Stromatolites in the Denault Formation, Marion Lake, Coast of Labrador, Newfoundland. Bull. Ceol. Surv. Canada, Vol. 102, 33 pp.
EDGELL, H. S., (1964) Precambrian fossils from the Hamersley Range, Western Australia and their use in stratigraphic correlation. Jour. Geol. Soc. Australia, Vol. II, pp. 235-262.
FENTON, C. L. and FENTON, M. A., (1931) Algae and algal beds in the Belt Series of Glacier National Park. Jour. Geot., Vol. 39, pp. 670-686.
FENTON, C. L. (1937) Belt Series of the North: stratigraphy, sedimentation and palaeontology. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 48, pp. 1873-1970.
FENTON, C. L., (1943) Precambrian and Palaeozoic algae. Amer. Midland Naturalist, Vol. 30, pp. 83-112.
FURON, R., (1963) Ceology of Africa, New York, Hafner Publication Company.
GINSBURG, R. N., (1960) Ancient analogues of recent stromatolites. Report 21st Intern. Geol. Congress, Part 22, pp. 26-35.
GLAESSNER, M. F., (1962) Precambrian fossils. Biological Reviews, Cambridge Philosophical Society, Vol. 37, pp. 467-494.
GRABAU, A. VV., (1922) The Sinian System. Bull. Ceol. Soc. China, Vol. 1, pp. 44-88.
KAO, C. S., HSIUNG, Y. H. and KAo, P., (1934) Preliminary notes on Sinian stratigraphy of North China. Ibid., Vol. 13, pp. 243-288.
KARPOFF, P. R., (1960) L' Antecambrien de la Peninsule Arabique. Report 21st Intern. Ceol. Congress, Part 9, pp. 78-94.
KELLER, B. :1., KAZAKOV, G. A., KRYLOV, 1. N., NUZHNOV, S. V. and SEMIKHATOV, M. A., (1960) New data on the stratigraphy of the Riphean Group (Upper Proterozoic). lzvtstia Akademij Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. Geo!., No.2, pp. 21-33.
KOROLEV, V. G. and KRYLOV, I. N., (1962) Contribution to the stratigraphy of the Upper Precambrian of the Northern Tien-shan. Doklady Akademmi Nauk S.S.S.R., Vol. 134, pp. 1334-1336.
KOROLJUK, 1. K., (1960) Subdivision of the Cambrian and Precambrian of the Eastern Sibf'ria according to stromatolites. Report 21st Intern. Ceol. Congress, Part 8, pp. 113-118.
KRYLOV, I. N., (1960) The development of columnar, branching stromatolites during Rifean time in the Southern Urals. Doklady Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R., Vol. 132, pp. 895-898.
KRYLOV, I. N., (1963) Branching stromatolites of Riphean group of Southern Urals, (Russian). TrudyCeol. Inst. Academy tif Sciences, U.S.S.R., Vol. 69, 133 p.
KRYLOV, I. N., (1967) Riphean and Lower Cambrian stromatolites of Tien-shan and Karatau, (Russian). Trans. Academy tif Sciences, Geological Institute, Vol. 171, pp. 1-76.
LOGAN, B. W, REZAK, R. and GINSBURG, R. N., (1964) Classification and environmental significance of algal stromatolites. Jour. Ceol., Vol. 72, pp. 68-83.
MACGREGOR, A. M., (1940) A Precambrian algal limestone in Southern Rhodesia. Trans. Ctol. Soc. S. Africa, Vol. 43, pp. 9-15.
MASLOV, V. ·P., (1937a) On the Palaeozoic rock-building algae of East Siberia, Moscow University Palaeontology Lab. Publications: Problems tif Palaeontology, Vol. 2, pp. 249-325.
MASLOV, V. ·P., (1937b) On the distribution of calcareous algae in East Siberia. Ibid., Vol. 2 and 3, pp.327-342.
MASLOV, V. ·P., (1933) On the nature of COllophyton. Ibid., Vol. 4, pp. 325-329.
MASLOV, V. ·P., (1959) Stromatolites and facies. Doklady Akademi Nauk S.S.S.R., Vol. 125, pp. 1085-1088.
MATHUR, S. M., NARAIN, K. and SRIVASTAVA, J. P., (1958) Algal structure from the Fawn Limestone, Semri Series. (Lower Vindhyan) in the Mirzapur District, Rec. CeoC. Surv. Ind., Vol. 87, pp. 819-822.
MATHUR, S. M., (1965) Indophyton, a new stromatolite form genus. Current Science, Vol. 34, pp. 8485.
McLELLAND, J., (1834) Notice of some fossil impressions occurring in the Transitional Limestone of Kumaun. Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Vol. 3, pp. 628-631.
MISRA, R. C. and VALDIYA, K. S., (1961) The Calc Zone of Pithoragarh, with special reference to the occurrence of stromatolites. Jour. Ceol. Soc. Ind., Vol. 2, pp. 78-96.
MISRA, R. C. and KUMAR S., (In press) A note on the occurrence of stromatolites in the Thalkedar Limestones from Raintola, District Pithoragarh, U .P., Jour. Palaeontological Society tif India.
MONTY, C., (1965) Recent algal stromatolites in the Windward lagoon, Andros Island, Bahamas, Ann. Soc. Ceol. Btlg., Vol. 88, pp. 269-276.
OLDHAM, R. D., (1883) Geology of Jaunsar. Rec. Ceol. Surv. Ind., Vol. 16, pp. 193-196.
RAJA RAo, C. S. and MAHAJAN, V. D., (1965) Note on the stromatolites and probable correlation of the Bhagwanpura Limestone, Chittorgarh District, Rajasthan. Currellt Science, Vol. 34, pp.82-83.
REZAK, R., (1957) Stromatolites of the Belt Series in Glacier National Park and vicinity, Montana. U. S. Ceol. Surv. Prcf. Papers, No. 294-D, pp. 127-154.
SCHWELLNUS, C. M. and ROEX, H. D.lE, (1944) Columnar, conical and other related growth in the dolomites of the Olavi System, S. W. Africa. Trans. Ceol. Soc. South Africa, Vol. 47, pp.93-104.
SEMIKHATOV, M. A., (1960) On the vertical distribution of stromatolites in the Ripheallll of the Turukhansk Region. Doklady Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R., Vol. 135, pp. 1480-1483.
SEN, S., (1966) Stromatolites in Raipur Limestone, M. P. Indian Minerals, Vol. 20, p. 57.
SRINIVASA RAo, M. R., (1949) Algal structures from the Cuddapah Limestones (Precambrian), South India. Jour. Mysore University, Vol. 9, pp. 67-72.
VALDlYA, K. S., (1962) Note on the discovery of stromatolitic structure from the Lower Shali Limestone of Tatapani, near Simla, H.P. Current Science, Vol. 31, pp. 64-65.
VALDlYA, K. S., (1963) Geology of a part of Uttar Pradesh Himalaya, Lucknow University Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.
VALDlYA, K. S., (1967) Occurrence of magnesite deposit and time-controlled variation of stromatolites in the ShaH Series, District Mahasu, H.P. Bull. Geol. Soc. Ind., Vol. 4, pp. 125-128.
VINOGRADOV, A. and TUGARINOV, A., (1964) Geochronology of Indian Precambrian. 22nd Intern. Geol. Congress, Late Abstract.
VISWANATHlAH, M. N. and RAJuLu, B. V. G., (1963) Occurrence of stromatolitic limestones near Rayalcheruvu, Anantpur District, A.P. Scitllce and Culture, Vol. 29, pp. 510-511.
VISWANATHlAH, M. N., RAJULU, B. V. G. and SATHYANARAYAN, S., (1964) Stromatolitic limestone in the Lower Kaladgis (Precambrian), Mysore State. Bull. Geot. Soc. Ind., Vol. 1, pp. 25-27.
WEST, W. D., (1939) Structure of the ShaH Window. Rec. Geot. Surv. Ind., Vol. 74, pp. 133-163.
YOUNG, R. B., (1935) A comparison of certain stromatolitic rocks in the Dolomite Series of South Mrica with modern algal sediments in the Bahamas. Trans. Geot. Soc. South Africa, Vol, 37, pp. 153-162.
YOUNG, R. B. (1943) Domical-columnar structure and other deformation in the Dolomite Series. Ibid., Vol. 46, pp. 91-104.
ZHURAVLEVA, Z. A. and Komar, V. A., (1962) On the Riphean (Sinian) stratigraphy of the Anabar Massif. Doklady Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R., Vol. 134, pp. 197-200.
